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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cham issue ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cham issue The Cham issue is an issue which has been raised by Albania since the 1990s over the repatriation of the Cham Albanians, who were expelled from the Greek region of Epirus between 1944 and 1945, at the end of World War II, citing the collaboration of some of their number with the Nazis. While Albania presses for the issue to be re-opened, Greece considers the matter closed. However, it was agreed to create a bilateral commission, only about the property issue, as a technical problem. The commission was set up in 1999, but has not yet functioned.〔 ==Background== In 1913, the area of Chameria, as the whole Southern Epirus came under Greek control.〔Clogg, Richard (2002). Concise History of Greece (Second Edition ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80872-3.〕 Cham Albanians were given no minority status and they were discriminated.〔Onur Yildirim, Diplomacy and Displacement: Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922–1934, CRC Press, 2006, ISBN 0-415-97982-X, ISBN 978-0-415-97982-5, p.121〕 Muslim Chams were counted as a religious minority, and some of them were transferred to Turkey, during the 1923 population exchange,〔Fabbe, Kristin. "Defining Minorities and Identities—Religious Categorization and State-Making Strategies in Greece and Turkey". Presentation at: The Graduate Student Pre-Conference in Turkish and Turkic Studies, University of Washington, October 18, 2007.〕 while their property was alienated by the Greek government, this being a term of the Turkish-Greek peace agreement.〔Ktistakis, Yiorgos. "Τσάμηδες - Τσαμουριά. Η ιστορία και τα εγκλήματα τους" (- Chameria. Their History and Crimes )〕 Orthodox Cham Albanians were counted as Greeks, and their language and Albanian heritage were under pressure of assimilation.〔Dimitri Pentzopoulos, The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and Its Impact on Greece, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, ISBN 1-85065-674-6, ISBN 978-1-85065-674-6, p. 128〕 During the Fascist regime Italy cultivated the irredentism by promising expansion of Albania towards Thesprotia prefecture as part of the creation of a "Greater Albania". Italy organized ethnic Albanians in tactical army units and fascist militia inside Albania and groups of spies, saboteurs and irregulars in Chameria. The latter had orders from Galeazzo Ciano to cause unrest in Chameria, while Italy was preparing for invasion in Greece in October 1940. In August 1940 the killing, possibly by Greek police, of an Albanian possibly acting as saboteur, was used by Italy as a pretext to worsen relations with Greece and as a tool of propaganda in Albania. When Italy started the invasion in Greece on 28 October 1940 there were at least two battalions of Albanian fascist militia acting against the Greeks in the Korca area. Mussolini claimed publicly that two Albanian battalions were attached to each Italian division that invaded Greece. During the German-Italian occupation of Greece (1941–1944) the Italians gained control of Greek Epirus and attempted to annex it to Albania but Germans did not allow it. However, a small district of Epirus came under the administration of Tirana〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Albania at War, 1939-1945 )〕 At the end of World War II, nearly all Muslim Chams in Greece were expelled to Albania. They had collaborated with occupation forces (see: Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis) and decided to join the Greek resistance only after the summer of 1944 when it was clear that the Germans were withdrawing.〔Mazower, Mark. (''After The War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and State in Greece, 1943–1960'' ). Princeton University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-691-05842-3, pp. 25–26.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cham issue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.